In the process of oil well operation, wireless communication technology can solve the problems such as high bit error rate and poor real?time performance in the down?hole parameter transmission. How to choose the characteristic frequency of sound wave and explore the attenuation degree of sound wave in the oil string have become the research hotspots in recent years. In this paper, the attenuation characteristics of acoustic signals transmitted along metal tube walls were studied, a communication model was established, and the attenuation law of acoustic signals was quantified on this basis. Combined with Comsol waveform simulation software, the correctness of communication theory model and characteristic frequency selection was verified. The results show that this method can effectively transmit acoustic signals and provide an optimal frequency selection scheme for oil well remote wireless communication technology.